The natural history of COPD: confirming and going beyond Fletcher and Peto
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
The natural history of COPD: confirming and going beyond Fletcher and Peto.
In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal (ERJ), SANCHEZ-SALCEDO et al. [3] contribute to our knowledge of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) clinical status and progression in a study of 103 younger and 463 older patients followed for o2 years. All patients attended specialised pulmonary clinics, had smoked for o20 pack-years and were (presumably) symptomatic from their physi...
متن کاملDisease progression in young patients with COPD: rethinking the Fletcher and Peto model.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although frequent in older individuals, can also occur at younger age; this latter population has not been well described. We reviewed the functional progression of 1708 patients with COPD attending pulmonary clinics. Those with three or more annual spirometries were divided into those who, at enrolment, were ≤ 55 (n = 103) or ≥ 65 (n = 463) years o...
متن کاملthe investigation of the relationship between type a and type b personalities and quality of translation
چکیده ندارد.
the survey of the virtual higher education in iran and the ways of its development and improvement
این پژوهش با هدف "بررسی وضعیت موجود آموزش عالی مجازی در ایران و راههای توسعه و ارتقای آن " و با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و پیمایشی صورت پذیرفته است. بررسی اسنادو مدارک موجود در زمینه آموزش مجازی نشان داد تعداد دانشجویان و مقاطع تحصیلی و رشته محل های دوره های الکترونیکی چندان مطلوب نبوده و از نظر کیفی نیز وضعیت شاخص خدمات آموزشی اساتید و وضعیت شبکه اینترنت در محیط آموزش مجازی نامطلوب است.
construction and validation of the translation teacher competency test and the scale of students’ perceptions of translation teachers
the major purpose of this study was to develop the translation teacher competency test (ttct) and examine its construct and predictive validity. the present study was conducted in two phases: a qualitative phase as well as a quantitative phase. in the first phase of the study, the author attempted to find out the major areas of competency required for an academic translation teacher. the second...
ذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: European Respiratory Journal
سال: 2014
ISSN: 0903-1936,1399-3003
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00079514